污泥焚烧中二氧化硫检测新方法及污泥处理探讨

对新乡市9个污水处理场污泥预处理后,用测硫仪分析污泥含硫量,并用经验公式根据年污水处理量,估算焚烧污泥方法年二氧化硫排放总量。结果显示：用测硫仪测定污泥含硫量,核算二氧化硫排放量,与现有方法相比,操作简便易行,结果不受采样条件、时间、环境、布点等因素影响,重现性好、完整、精密。同时发现部分污泥含硫量超过规定用煤中含硫量,建议用焚烧方法处置污泥,净化尾气。     

燃煤、燃气锅炉综合效益模糊评价及分析结果——以乌鲁木齐市集中供热锅炉为例

以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热站锅炉节能减排方案为例,通过建立供热锅炉实施方案综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定方案各项指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别从锅炉燃煤、燃气情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,并对集中供热锅炉燃煤与燃气方案综合评判结果进行分析,最终评选出较优实施方案。评选结果表明:燃气方案综合效益较好,可有效实现节能减排,为今后燃气锅炉建设提供一定的参考作用。     

Size distributions of aerosol and water-soluble ions in Nanjing during a crop residual burning event

To investigate the impact on urban air pollution by crop residual burning outside Nanjing, aerosol concentration, pollution gas concentration, mass concentration, and water-soluble ion size distribution were observed during one event of November 4-9, 2010. Results show that the size distribution of aerosol concentration is bimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 60-70 and 200-300 nm, respectively. Aerosol concentration is 10⁴ cm^-3. nm^-1 on pollution days. The peak value of spectrum distribution of aerosol concentration on pollution days is 1.5-3.3 times higher than that on a normal day. Crop residual burning has a great impact on the concentration of fine particles. Diurnal variation of aerosol concentration is trimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 03:00, 09:00 and 19:00 local standard time. The first peak is impacted by meteorological elements, while the second and third peaks are due to human activities, such as rush hour traffic. Crop residual burning has the greatest impact on SO₂ concentration, followed by NO₂, O₃ is hardly affected. The impact of crop residual burning on fine particles (< 2.1 μm) is larger than on coarse particles (> 2.1 μm), thus ion concentration in fine particles is higher than that in coarse particles. Crop residual burning leads to similar increase in all ion components, thus it has a small impact on the water-soluble ions order. Crop residual burning has a strong impact on the size distribution of K⁺, Cl^-, Na⁺, and F^- and has a weak impact on the size distributions of NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃^- and SO₄^2-.     

Influence of rice straw burning on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural county, Taiwan

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燃煤电厂烟气脱硫设施脱硫效率计算方法的探讨

为准确评估燃煤电厂脱硫设施在实际运用中的脱硫效率,根据目前脱硫效率的三种计算方法在实际运用中的问题,并应用燃煤电厂的实测数据,对比了三种方法计算得出脱硫效率的相对误差。结果表明：根据折算浓度评估脱硫效率,综合考虑了烟气泄漏对计算脱硫效率的影响,并且不受烟气旁路排放等因素影响,理论上和实践中都可以得到准确的脱硫效率。     

手烧型燃煤锅炉和工业炉窑烟尘污染的防治对策

众多手烧型锅炉和工业炉窑废气排放是造成城市空气严重污染的主要原因。本文通过剖析燃煤产生烟尘的机理,现有烟尘控制技术以及不同炉窑的工艺情况,提出手烧型燃煤锅炉、工业炉窑烟尘污染防治措施。     

秸秆焚烧对哈尔滨市灰霾天气的影响

2015年11月1—4日,哈尔滨市及周边地区发生了连续的灰霾天气,颗粒物浓度急剧升高。污染发生时,监测仪器均布设在哈尔滨市区上风向30 km处(哈尔滨市双城区)并开展了连续96 h的监测分析。综合利用气象观测资料,3D可视激光雷达监测资料及地面空气污染监测资料分析了灰霾天气发生的气象条件和污染边界层特征,根据哈尔滨市双城区大气污染物排放源谱库对主要成分进行来源解析,结合颗粒物质量浓度和气象条件研究了秸秆焚烧对灰霾天气的影响。结果表明,灰霾天气持续期间,夜间生物质燃烧源成为该地区颗粒物的第二大源;秸秆焚烧产生的大气污染物,由于地面长时间静风,污染边界层降低等原因,致使本地污染物累积、不易扩散,加剧了本次污染。     

酒精在常见可燃地面材料燃烧痕迹特征规律研究

易燃液体燃烧痕迹识别对助燃剂放火火灾调查至关重要。选用丙纶地毯和PVC地板革作为纤维和塑料地板的代表,以工业酒精作为易挥发助燃剂的代表,研究酒精用量、灭火方式等对燃烧痕迹形成及痕迹稳定性的影响。通过与未加载酒精的痕迹对比,发现丙纶地毯因热稳定性较差,燃烧后往往能形成烧坑或烧洞,其燃烧轮廓以典型的灰化形式存在,加载酒精的部位熔融严重,与地面紧紧粘连在一起;PVC地板革因为表面光滑,酒精在其表面不断流淌,燃烧后会留下清晰的轮廓,类似于细线状的印痕,而地板革本身基本不会燃烧。燃烧熄灭的方式也会对其炭化程度、燃烧图痕、残余形状产生影响。     

春节期间南京市大气气溶胶粒径分布特征

为研究春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对城市大气气溶胶数浓度粒径谱分布的影响,对2012年1月19~31日南京大气气溶胶数浓度、污染气体浓度和质量浓度进行了观测分析.结果表明,烟花爆竹的燃放期间10~20 nm气溶胶浓度远低于非燃放期,50~100、100~200和200~500 nm数浓度有较大增加,20~50 nm和0.5~10μm气溶胶数浓度变化不大.烟花爆竹的燃放对气溶胶数浓度谱影响较大,非燃放期数浓度谱为双峰型分布;在燃放期数浓度谱为单峰性分布,且峰值向大粒径段偏移.烟花爆竹燃放期间质量浓度谱为双峰型分布,对细粒子的质量浓度影响较大,燃放期间PM2.5/PM10和PM1.0/PM10的值可升高10%.烟花爆竹的大量燃放对1.0~2.1μm粒径段气溶胶密度影响最大,对其他粒径段密度影响较小.     

Influence of agricultural activities, forest fires and agro-industries on air quality in Thailand

Annual and monthly-based emission inventories in northern, central and north-eastern provinces in Thailand, where agriculture and related agro-industries are very intensive, were estimated to evaluate the contribution of agricultural activity, including crop residue burning, forest fires and related agro-industries on air quality monitored in corresponding provinces. The monthly-based emission inventories of air pollutants, or, particulate matter (PM), NOx and SO₂, for various agricultural crops were estimated based on information on the level of production of typical crops: rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, soybeans and potatoes using emission factors and other parameters related to country-specific values taking into account crop type and the local residue burning period. The estimated monthly emission inventory was compared with air monitoring data obtained at monitoring stations operated by the Pollution Control Department, Thailand (PCD) for validating the estimated emission inventory. The agro-industry that has the greatest impact on the regions being evaluated, is the sugar processing industry, which uses sugarcane as a raw material and its residue as fuel for the boiler. The backward trajectory analysis of the air mass arriving at the PCD station was calculated to confirm this influence. For the provinces being evaluated which are located in the upper northern, lower northern and northeast in Thailand, agricultural activities and forest fires were shown to be closely correlated to the ambient PM concentration while their contribution to the production of gaseous pollutants is much less.